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Bandsmen of 1st Battalion The Connaught Rangers, c1919
Origins
The regiment was established during the British Army reforms of 1881. The 88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers) merged with the 94th Regiment of Foot to form a new two-battalion unit. This new unit took its title from the 88th Foot, which traditionally recruited in the Irish province of Connaught.
Early deployments
Both battalions served in various imperial garrisons over the next two decades. Additionally, 2nd Battalion sent a detachment to the Gordon Relief Expedition in 1884 as camel-mounted infantry, and in the 1890s deployed in its entirety to Egypt and the Sudan to take part in the Dongola Expeditionary Force. Meanwhile, 1st Battalion served in South Africa throughout the Boer War (1899-1902).
Cap badge of The Connaught Rangers, c1881
A lance-corporal of 2nd Battalion, The Connaught Rangers, c1882
World War
Both battalions served on the Western Front in 1914-15. 2nd Battalion suffered such heavy casualties that in December 1914 it had to merge with 1st Battalion. This was redeployed to Mesopotamia (now Iraq) in January 1916 and also fought in Palestine from June 1918.
The regiment raised four Service and Reserve battalions during the war. The two Reserve battalions faced the Easter Rising in Dublin, while the 6th (Service) Battalion suffered such heavy losses during the 1918 German Spring Offensive that its survivors were merged into another regiment.
The 5th (Service) Battalion fought in Gallipoli, Salonika and Palestine and survived the war. It was renumbered in 1919 to provide the regiment with a 2nd Battalion once again.
Victoria Cross group awarded to Private Thomas Hughes, 6th Battalion The Connaught Rangers, for bravery at Guillemont, 1916
Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Jourdain (centre) and officers of 5th Battalion The Connaught Rangers at Gallipoli, 1915
Quiz
What famous song did The Connaught Rangers introduce to the Western Front in 1914?
Select the correct answer
Drunken Sailor
Pack Up Your Troubles
It’s a Long Way to Tipperary
Keep the Home Fires Burning
Did you know...
2nd Battalion introduced the song when they arrived at Boulogne on 13 August 1914. Newspaper correspondent George Curnock witnessed the men singing and reported it a few days later. It quickly became a firm favourite among soldiers in France and Belgium.
Post-war
The new 2nd Battalion remained in England for the rest of the regiment’s existence, except for a year on occupation duties in Silesia in 1921. 1st Battalion spent most of the post-war period in India.
In June 1920, some of the regiment’s men mutinied in the Indian city of Jullundur (now Jalandhar). They were protesting at the behaviour of the ‘Black and Tans’ during the Irish War of Independence (1919-22). Of the 88 men involved, 77 were sentenced to imprisonment; only the ringleader, Private James Daly, was shot. Daly remains the last British Army soldier to be shot for mutiny.
Legacy
In 1922, the Irish Free State gained independence and all five British regiments that were recruited there, including The Connaught Rangers, were disbanded.
Find out more
Search the enlistment books of The Connaught Rangers and the other Irish regiments disbanded from the British Army in 1922.
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